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Cherokee, North Carolina

Coordinates: 35°28′37″N 83°19′14″W / 35.47694°N 83.32056°W / 35.47694; -83.32056
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Cherokee, North Carolina
ᏣᎳᎩ (Cherokee),
ᎡᎳᏬᏗ (Elawodi)
Census-designated place
Tsalagi Road
Tsalagi Road
Motto(s): 
"Trails of Legends and Adventures"
Map
Coordinates: 35°28′37″N 83°19′13″W / 35.47694°N 83.32028°W / 35.47694; -83.32028
CountryUnited States
StateNorth Carolina
CountiesSwain and Jackson
Area
[1]
 • Total12.07 sq mi (31.26 km2)
 • Land12.07 sq mi (31.26 km2)
 • Water0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)
Elevation
[2]
2,438 ft (743 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total2,195
 • Density181.84/sq mi (70.21/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP code
28719
Area code828
FIPS code37-12140
GNIS feature ID2629369[2]

Cherokee /ˈtʃɛrəˌkiː/[3] (Cherokee: ᏣᎳᎩ, romanized: Tsalagi) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Swain and Jackson counties in Western North Carolina, United States, within the Qualla Boundary land trust.[4] Cherokee is located in the Oconaluftee River Valley around the intersection of U.S. Routes 19 and 441. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 2,195. It is the capital of the federally recognized Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, one of three recognized Cherokee tribes and the only one in North Carolina.

The community also serves as a tourist destination, with numerous campgrounds, motels, and hotels serving visitors to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, with a major entrance to the park lying within the community. The Cherokee Historical Association runs the Oconaluftee Indian Village, a living-history museum, as well as the popular outdoor drama Unto These Hills, and is associated with the Museum of the Cherokee People. Cherokee serves as the southern terminus of the Blue Ridge Parkway. The Oconaluftee River flows through the town and is popular for tubing.

History

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Cherokee is the capital of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians and part of the traditional homelands of the Cherokee people. In the 1870s, the Eastern Band purchased the land for what is called the "Qualla Boundary".[5][6] To continue the heritage of the Cherokee in the town, several signs for Cherokee's streets and buildings are written in both Cherokee syllabary and English. As a census-designated place (CDP), Cherokee overlaps most or part of three of the seven communities of the Qualla Boundary: Painttown, Wolftown, and Yellowhill.

Geography

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Cherokee and its surrounding Qualla Boundary is in the very mountainous Swain and Jackson counties. The highest elevation is 6,643-foot (2,025 m) Kuwohi at the border with Tennessee. Clingman's Dome is the highest point in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.[7] The Oconaluftee River flows through downtown Cherokee.

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
20102,138—
20202,1952.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[8]

2020 census

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Cherokee racial composition[9]
Race Number Percentage
White (non-Hispanic) 206 9.38%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 20 0.91%
Native American 1,643 74.85%
Asian 27 1.23%
Other/Mixed 151 6.88%
Hispanic or Latino 148 6.74%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,195 people, 867 households, and 561 families residing in the CDP.

Climate

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Climate data for Cherokee, North Carolina, 1991–2020 normals
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 46.3
(7.9) 		50.6
(10.3) 		58.6
(14.8) 		68.0
(20.0) 		74.7
(23.7) 		80.1
(26.7) 		82.7
(28.2) 		82.0
(27.8) 		77.9
(25.5) 		68.8
(20.4) 		58.3
(14.6) 		49.2
(9.6) 		66.4
(19.1)
Daily mean °F (°C) 36.4
(2.4) 		39.6
(4.2) 		46.4
(8.0) 		55.2
(12.9) 		62.9
(17.2) 		69.6
(20.9) 		72.7
(22.6) 		71.7
(22.1) 		66.4
(19.1) 		55.9
(13.3) 		45.9
(7.7) 		39.2
(4.0) 		55.2
(12.9)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 26.4
(−3.1) 		28.7
(−1.8) 		34.2
(1.2) 		42.3
(5.7) 		51.2
(10.7) 		59.1
(15.1) 		62.8
(17.1) 		61.4
(16.3) 		55.0
(12.8) 		43.0
(6.1) 		33.4
(0.8) 		29.3
(−1.5) 		43.9
(6.6)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 4.74
(120) 		5.00
(127) 		5.84
(148) 		4.93
(125) 		4.71
(120) 		5.13
(130) 		5.21
(132) 		4.21
(107) 		4.04
(103) 		3.06
(78) 		4.18
(106) 		5.66
(144) 		56.71
(1,440)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 2.6
(6.6) 		0.9
(2.3) 		0.9
(2.3) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.1
(0.25) 		2.0
(5.1) 		6.5
(17)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 10.6 10.8 11.9 10.4 12.2 11.8 14.0 12.4 9.4 7.7 8.9 11.1 131.2
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 1.4 1.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.7 4.0
Source: NOAA[10][11]

Economy

[edit]

The EBCI negotiated an agreement with the state, and in 1997 opened Harrah's Cherokee Casino for gaming. It has generated jobs and revenue for the tribe, providing money that the EBCI applies to its people's education, welfare and culture. In 2005, nearly four million people visited the casino and generated a per capita profit of roughly $8,000 annually.[12] Each member of the tribe is paid some annual income; the tribe reinvests other monies for health and related services, and long-term development.

Since the late 20th century, most manufacturing and textile plants left the area, moving their jobs offshore to lower wage areas, such as Southeast Asia. The regional economy suffered. Many of the Cherokee had to rely on jobs related to national park tourism and recreation, which provided work for about half of the year. Many tribal members had to rely on public assistance to survive during the winter.[12]

Tourism

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Cherokee is a tourist-oriented area, located at the entrance to Great Smoky Mountains National Park and at the southern end of the Blue Ridge Parkway. In addition to the casino, it is the site of attractions such as:

Eastern Cherokee history, culture, and crafts are portrayed in the historical drama Unto These Hills, presented annually during the tourist season.

The Cherokee area offers many campgrounds, trails and river adventures. It is also home to three roadside attractions with zoos: Cherokee Bear Zoo, Chief Saunooke Bear Park, and Santa's Land.

The zoos have been considered controversial. Bob Barker, a retired game show host and animal rights activist, has called for closing the black bear zoos at these attractions.[14][15]

Cherokee Wonderland and Frontier Land were two amusement parks that operated in the area in the late 1960s and into the early 21st century, respectively. The latter was converted into a water park before being closed to make way for development of Harrah's Cherokee. When they were open, both parks featured their own 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railroads (named Cherokee Wonderland Railroad and Frontier Land Railroad).[16]

Notable people

[edit]

Education

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Cherokee Central Schools operates the K–12 public schools.[21][22] Cherokee High School is the local high school.

The private elementary school, New Kituwah Academy, is based on language immersion in Cherokee.

Previously the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) provided educational services, and in their schools students were not permitted to speak Cherokee.[23]

[edit]

Scenes from movies such as Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier, Digging to China, Forces of Nature, The Fugitive, and Stroszek were shot in Cherokee.[24]

Media

[edit]

The Cherokee One Feather newspaper has served the community for decades.

References

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  1. ^ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
  2. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Cherokee, North Carolina
  3. ^ "Cherokee". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
  4. ^ "Qualla Boundary | NCpedia". www.ncpedia.org. Retrieved August 27, 2020.
  5. ^ Official website of Cherokee and the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Indians
  6. ^ Cherokee Indians - Part 1: Overview | NCpediawww.ncpedia.org › cherokee : "These people and their descendants were recognized in 1868 by the federal government as the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. In the early 2000s these Cherokee, living on the Qualla Boundary in the western part of the state, are the only Indian tribe in North Carolina fully recognized by the federal government.
  7. ^ Gatlinburg, Mailing Address: 107 Park Headquarters Road; Us, TN 37738 Phone:436-1200 Contact. "Clingmans Dome - Great Smoky Mountains National Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved August 27, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  9. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
  10. ^ "NOWData: NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
  11. ^ "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  12. ^ a b "The business of gambling", CNN, 06 July 2005
  13. ^ Barrows, Kari (November 30, 2022). "Museum of the Cherokee Indian to host, celebrate first annual Tribal Museums Day". WLOS. Retrieved December 1, 2022.
  14. ^ Bob Barker Showcases Cruelty to Bears in Meeting With Cherokees Archived 2009-08-09 at the Wayback Machine, a July 29, 2009 post on the PETA File blog
  15. ^ "Cherokee’s Unbearable Bear Pits" Archived August 9, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Larry King Live blog, 04 August 2009
  16. ^ "Surviving Steam Locomotive Search". www.steamlocomotive.com. Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved August 27, 2020.
  17. ^ Remembering Walker Calhoun, A Cherokee Musician, Dancer, And Teacher. ncarts.org. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  18. ^ Lawless, John. (October 14, 2019). Raymond Fairchild passes. Bluegrass Today. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  19. ^ Lipsyte, Robert. (January 29, 1993). Lacrosse; A Goalie Keeps Faith For an Iroquois Nation. The New York Times. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  20. ^ Stan Powell Stats. Pro-Football-Reference. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  21. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Swain County, NC" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
  22. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Jackson County, NC" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
  23. ^ Parris, John (October 30, 1996). "Boys Club provides independence". Asheville Citizen-Times. Asheville, North Carolina. p. B1. - Clipping from Newspapers.com.
  24. ^ Locations in Cherokee, NC[permanent dead link] from Internet Movie Database
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cherokee, North Carolina.

35°28′37″N 83°19′14″W / 35.47694°N 83.32056°W / 35.47694; -83.32056

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